Fine in the amount of 4,3 million euros applied by the Portuguese Supervisory Authority to Portuguese National Statistics Institute for the illegally processing of personal data
The National Center for Personal Data Protection (NCPDP), for information and application purposes, communicates about the fine in the amount of 4,3 million euros applied by the Portuguese Supervisory Authority (CBPD) to Portuguese National Statistics Institute (INE) for the infringement of article 9(1); article 12; article 13; article 28(1), (6) and (7); article 35(1), (2) and (3)(b); article 44 GDPR; article 46 and article 83 of GDPR.
In 2021, the CNPD received several complaints about the national census survey that was still undergoing at that moment. For the performance of the census, INE used the CDN (a content delivery network) services of a US company, Cloudflare, Inc., with over 200 data centres spread over 100 countries. In light of the complaints received, the CNPD opened an inquiry. At that point, circa 2.5 million forms, containing the personal data of over six million citizens residing in Portugal, had already been submitted to the INE. In view of its preliminary findings, the CNPD issued, under Article 58(2)(j) GDPR, an order for INE to suspend, in 12 hours, all data flows to the US and to any other third countries that did not offer an adequate level of protection, either via Cloudflare, Inc. or via any other company. After this corrective measure of cautionary nature, the inquiry went on about other aspects of the subject matter of the complaints.
As a result of the subsequent investigation, the CNPD identified five infringements of the GDPR in the context of the Census 2021 data processing, regarding the following issues:
· Lack of lawfulness for the processing of special categories of personal data (article 9(1) GDPR).
· Lack of compliance with transparency obligations (articles 12 and 13 GDPR), in particular regarding the provision of any information concerning the processing operations, e.g. through the display of a privacy notice on the INE institutional website.
· Lack of a Data Protection Impact Assessment (article 35(1),(2) and (3)(b) GDPR).
· Lack of due diligence concerning the choice of the processor (article 28(1),(6) and (7)), namely by accepting a standard contract, that was not assessed in substance in what regards the requirements of article 28(3) GDPR.
· Lack of compliance with the legal requirements for international data transfers (articles 44 and 46(2)), as interpreted by the CJEU in the Schrems II judgement.
In this context, as a result of the facts and the legal reasoning, the CNPD determined that the controller infringed different GDPR provisions in the context of the 2021 Census data processing and therefore decided, pursuant to article 58(2)(i) and article 83 GDPR and some national provisions, to apply one single fine of 4.3 million euros to the controller. This decision is final, but can be challenged in the national courts.
The NCPDP, as national supervisory authority for personal data processing, emphasizes the responsibility of personal data controllers to comply with the provisions of legal framework on personal data protection and to ensure that personal data processing operations are in accordance with the legislation in force.






